Grain-binding harvester



(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 1.

E. F. WELLS. GRAIN BINDING HARVESTER.

No. 520,153. Patented May 22, 1894.

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(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 2.

E. P. WELLS.

GRAIN BINDING HARVESTER. No. 520,153. Patented May 22, 1894.

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(No Model.) 4 S heetS-Sheet s.

E. F. WELLS. GRAIN BINDING HARVESTER.

No. 520,153. Patented MayZZ, 1894.

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(No Model.) 4 SheetsSheet 4.

E. F. WELLS. GRAIN BINDING HARVESTBR.

No. 520,153. Patented May 22,1894.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ELISHA FORD WELLS, OF LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY.

GRAIN-BINDING HARVESTER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 520,153, dated May 22,1894.

Application filed July 15, 1893- Serial No. 480.658. (No model.) 7

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, ELISHA FORD Wants, a citizen of the United States,residing at Louis ville, in the county of Jefferson and State ofKentucky, have invented a new and useful Grain-Binding Harvester, ofwhich the followingis a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in grain-binding harvesters; theobjects in view being to provide a machine of this class of cheap,simple, and durable construction, adapted to effectually cut, bundle,and deliver grain and apply the cord thereto, all in one continuousoperation; to so arrange the parts as to be under the direct control ofthe operator and capable of being thrown into and out of operativeposition with relation to each other; and, furthermore, to simplify theconstruction and operation of the knotter mechanism.

Various other objects and advantages of the invention will appear in thefollowing description and the novel features thereof will beparticularly pointed out in the claims.

Referring to the drawings:-Figure 1 is a plan of a grain-bindingharvester constructed in accordance with my invention. Fig. 2 is an endelevation of the same with the main wheel removed and other parts brokenaway. Fig. 3 is a rear elevation of a portion of the machineillustrating the mechanism employed for operating the knotter. Fig. 4 isa plan view and partial-section of a portion of the machine illustratingthe knotter. Fig. 5 is an end elevation of the reel-adjusting andoperating mechanism. Fig. 6 is a top plan view and partial section ofthe reel-shaft and the lever for adjusting the same. Figs. 7, 8

and 9 are details of the clutch-mechanism for a sectional view on theline 17-17 of Fig. 5. Fig. 18 is a detail in perspective of the archatone end of the frame. Fig. 19 is a perspective view in detail of thegripping-finger hereinafter described.

Like numerals of reference indicate like parts in all the figures of thedrawings.

Previous to the specific description of the detail mechanism of myinvention I shall state that I do not limit my invention to the precisedetails of construction herein shown and described, but hold that I maymake such variations in the said details as may suggest themselves to meduring the practical construction and operation of the machine and willnot thereby depart from the spirit of my invention or sacrifice any ofthe advantages thereof.

In carrying outmy invention I employ an oblong frame upon which themachine as a whole is mounted, the said frame consisting of the frontand rear longitudinal beams 1 and the opposite end beams 2, the samebeing suitably strengthened and preferably formed of angle-iron in orderto lend rigidity and secure lightness of structure. The grain end of theframework has a stub-axle 3 projecting therefrom upon which thegroundwheel 4 is mounted, and the opposite end of theframework supportsan inverted U -shaped frame or arch 5 in which is loosely journaled anaxle 6, which projects some distance from the end of the frame and hasloosely mounted upon its outer end a drive-wheel 7. This axle isjournaled at its outer end in a bearing 8, from which extend diagonalbraces 9 whose inner ends are bolted to the frame 5. The inner end ofthe hub of the wheel 7 is provided with ratchet teeth 10 and aratchettooth clntch-collar 11 is splined upon the axle 6 and hasconnected therewith a hand-lever 12, which, as will hereinafter appear,is within easy reach of the driver when perched upon his seat and may bereciprocated in a guide 13 with which the collar 8 is provided so as tothrow the clutch-collar into and out of engagement with theratchet-teeth of the hub of the drive-wheel and thus communicate motionfrom said ground-wheel to the axle, or interrupt such motion as may bedesired. The inner end of the axle 6 is provided with a beveled gear 14at the inner side of the end bar 2 of the framework, and at the oppositeside of said end bar is provided with a small beveled pinion 15.

In a suitable bearing there is journaled for rotation a longitudinalshaft 17, which between its ends is provided with a universal joint 18,and whose rear end is adjacent to the axle 6 and is provided with abeveled pinion 18 that engages with the beveled pinion 15 of said axlefrom which it receives motion. The front end of the shaft 17 hasslidably mounted thereon a beveled-pinion 19.

The transverse shaft 21 isjournaled in bearings 22 which are formed uponthe upper end of a standard 23, which standard is pivoted as at 24 to anextension 25 of the front bar 9, which extension is located at, thefront of the machine. In rear of the standard 23 a second standard 26 islocated and has its lower end pivoted asat 27 to the extension 25. Uponthe shaft 21 there is mounted rigidly a spur-gear 28, and beyond saidspur-gear there is loosely mounted on the end of the shaft the innerbifurcation 29iof a hand-lever 30. The outer bifurcation 3,1 of saidhand-lever is connected with a spring-pressed bolt 32 seated in verticalways; 33 formed in the side of the standard 23,'the said connectionbeing effected by a vertical rod 34 whose lower end is pivoted to thebolt and whose upper end is pivoted to the outer bifurcation asindicated at 35 and as best shown in Figs. 5 and 6 of the drawings. Abracket 36 extends from the standard 23. below the bolt and the coiledspring 37, is interposed between the bracket and the bottom ofthe bolt,and thereby exerts a tendency to press the bolt upward into engagementwith a convenient notch or tooth of the spur-gear 28. The innerbifurcation of the lever is provided with a pintle 3S, and upon thesalneis swiveled loosely the handle of said lever, whereby the outerbifurcation which is formed as a part of the handle has an independentor oscillating motion upon the inner bifurcation 29 of the lever, sothat the said handle will oscillate for the purpose of depressing the.locking bolt out of engagement with the toothed spur gear 28, while atthe same time the handle portion of the lever is capable of swingingupon the shaft 21. From the inner bifurcation 29 of the lever there extends, upward and rearward an arm 40 which projects beyond the peripheryof the spurgear 28 and is provided at its outer end with a short shaft41, upon which is loosely journaled asmall spur-gear 42, the teeth ofwhich are in constant mesh with those of the gear 28. The face of thegear 42 is provided with an annular recess 43. (see Fig. 17

Loosely hinged at its inner end upon the shaft 21 is a reel-supportingarm 44 provided atits outer end with bearings 45 in which a yided with asprocket-wheel 59.

44 is one end of a connecting-rod whose rear end is provided with abearing stud located opposite the annular recess 43 of the pinion 42 andupon which is mounted an antifriction roller 51.

At theinner side of the lever 30 there is located a spring-actuatedreciprocating locking-pawl 30", whose inner end engages with the teethof the gear 28, and hence locks the mechanism for raising and loweringthe reel at any desired point.

In order to raise and lower the reel it is simply necessary to raise andlower the hand lever which causes the pinion 42 to, rotate over theperiphery of the stationary gear 28, and thus through the medium of theeonneeting-rod 50 raise and lower the arm 44 that supports thereel-head. In order to swing the reel backward or forward the lever isoscillated so as to cause the locking bolt 32 todisengage with the teethof the gear 28 and permit of a swinging movement on the standards 23 and26. The standard 26 is provided at its upper end with a transverse shaft5,2, one end of which is connected with the shaft 21 by a pitman orconnecting rod 53 and the o posite end of which engages loosely withaperforation 54 with which the gear 28 is provided.

From the grain-side. of the machine to a' suitable point toward theopposite side, there is located a transversely traveling carrier 56,

the same being supported upon suitable rolls 57, the shaft 58 of theinnerone of whiehprojects in rear of the framework and is pro- Thiscarrier is of the usual construction and is arranged in rear of theusual cutting mechanism 60 at the front of the machine.

Beyond the carrier 56 there is journaled a roll 61, the same beingmounted upon ashaft 62, extending parallel with the shaft 58, andcarrying inner and outer sprocket-wheels 63 and 64, respectively, at itsouter end. The rear sprocket-wheel 64 is connected with thesprocket-wheel 59 of the shaft 58 by a sprocket-belt 65 so that the twoshafts, 58 and 62 have a motion in the same direction. A platform 66 issupported upon the framework beyond the roll 61 and has its inner edgeprovided with a series of curved spring tines 67 which overlap the roll61 and fit in grooves 68 with which the periphery of said roll 61 isprovided, the said tines extending between the roll and the inner end ofthe, carrier 56.

The surface of the roll 61 is also roughened in any suitable manner,preferably, with lollgitudinal strips arranged superficially thereon,the function of the same being hereinafter apparent.

J ournaled transversely in theinverted U- shaped frame 5 is a transverseshaft 69, which is provided at opposite-sides of its center with beveledgears 7 O and 71 and at the outer side of the latter is asprocket-wheel72. The rear end of the shaft 69 is provided witha sprocket-wheel 73,and the same is connected to the sprocket-wheel 63 of the shaft 62 byasprocket-chain 7 1. The sprocket-chain 74, furthermore, connects thewheels 63 and 73 with a third sprocket-wheel hereinafter mentioned asbeing connected with the knotter mechanism. The beveled gear 71, it willbe understood, meshes with the beveled gear 14 of the axle 6 so thatmotion is communicated from the ground-wheel 7, through the axle 6, thebeveled gear 14, the beveled gear 70, which is fast to the shaft 69, andtherefore operates the shaft 69, and the sprocket-wheel 73, thesprocket-chain 74, the sprocket-wheel 63, and the shaft 62, whichcarries the roll 61 and operates the sprocket wheel 64, and the latterthrough the medium of the belt 65, operates the sprocket-wheel 59 andthe carrier-shaft 58.

Loosely hung upon the shaft 69 between the gears 70 and 71 is an arm 75,whose outer or free end has loosely journaled therein a transverse shaft76 which carries the two packer wheels 77 at each side of the arm. Theshaft 76 projects beyond the rear packerwheel and carries asprocket-wheel 78, which is connected with the sprocket-wheel 72 of theshaft 69 by means of a sprocket-chain 79. The gear 71 and thesprocket-wheel 72,it will be understood, are loose upon the shaft 69 andreceive motion from the axle 6 as operated by the ground-wheel 7, andthrough the medium of the beveled gear 14 heretofore mentioned, and, aswill be obvious, the gears 70 and 71 also operate in reverse directions.Each packer-wheel consists of a central hub 80 and a series of curvedspokes or arms 81 radiating therefrom, all as best shown in Figs. 10 and11 of the drawings.

Journaled in the rear vertical portion 'of the inverted U-shaped frame5and in a central bracket 81 is the longitudinal needlecarryingrock-shaft 82, which at its outer end is provided with a crank-arm 83carrying a wrist-pin. The shaft has rigidly mounted thereon adjacent toits bearing 81 a curved needle 84: which is designed to raise and lowerand extend downward through the slot 85 with which the platform 66 isprovided. The shaft 82 is provided adjacent to the needle with a cam 86,the said cam loosely receiving the lower end of a link 87 whose upperend is pivoted as at 88 to the arm 75, the said cam being disposedreversely to the needle, so that as the shaft rotates to lower theneedle the cam operates and elevates the arm 75 and the packer-wheelscarried thereby; and on the other hand, when the needle is elevated thepacker-wheels are lowered to an operative position. The convexed side oredge of the 'needle is provided with a cord-receiving groove 89, and atits point is provided with the usual eye 90. In rear of the needle thebearing bracket 81 is provided with a cordguide 91, the ball of cord 92,illustrated in Fig. 10, being supported by the usual cordcan 93 arrangedupon the inverted U-shaped frame 5 Extending from the rear verticalportion of the inverted U-shaped frame 5 below the, needle-carryingrock-shaft 82 is a stub shaft 94, and mounted loosely upon the same is asprocket-wheel 95 (see Fig. 7), and a mutilated gear 96 (see Fig. 8).The sprocket-wheel and the gear are hollow and arranged with theirrecessed sides opposing each other. The inner periphery of thesprocket-wheel 95 is provided with a series of ratchet-teeth 97 (seeFigs. 7 and 9), and located in the recess of the gear 96 is abearing-pin 98 upon which is loosely mounted a pawl 99 having its freeend provided with alateral projection 100 that extends laterally intothe recess of the sprocketwheel, and is designed to engage with theratchet-teeth thereof. This pawl, as shown in Fig. 8, is bell-crankshaped and has an outer branch 101 which extends through a short slot102 with which the peripheries of the wheels 95 and 96 are provided.

Journaled in suitable bearings in the inner end-bar 2 of the frame is atransverse rockshaft 103, the same being provided at its rear end with acrank-arm 101 which is connected to one end of a connecting-rod 105, theother end of said rod being eccentrically and loosely pivoted as at 106to a mutilated gear 107 which is arranged upon a short stub-shaft 108that extends from the rear bar 1 of the framework. The shaft 103 isfurther provided adjacent to the crank-arm 101 with a stop-arm 109located adjacent to the tail-end of the bell-crank pawl 99 and adaptedto intercept the same. In rear of the needle the shaft 103 is providedwith right angularly disposed arms 110 which lie each side of the pathof the needle. Below the shaft 9% there is journaled in one of a pair ofextensions of the framework a shaft 111 the outer end of which carries amutilated gear 112 similar to the gear 107. This shaft 111 is providedat its inner end with a beveled pinion 113 and immediately in rear ofthe same with a cam-wheel 11 1. In said extensions 115 in one of whichone end of the shaft 111 is mounted there is journaled a shorttransverse rock-shaft 116, which at one end opposite the cam 114 andbeyond its bearing in the extension is provided with a finger 117arranged to ride on the periphery of the cam, and by means of said camto be raised and lowered. A light coiled spring 118 is secured to thefinger and to the adjacent extension 115, whereby the said finger ismaintained in contact with the face of the cam. The shaft 116 isprovided between its points of bearing with an L- shaped gripping-finger119 whose free end upon its under side is beveled and which is arrangedunder a box 120 in which is formed the depressed or curved knife-bladeor cutter 121, against whose edge the said finger operates in a mannerhereinafter described.

In a bearing-bridge or yoke 122 there is journaled the verticalknotter-shaft 123, the same being provided at its lower end with abeveled pinion 124 which engages with and is operated by the beveledpinion 113 carried by the inner end of the shaft 111. The upper end ofthis shaft 123 carries the knotter head or knotter proper, indicated at125. This knotter-head is constructed of sheet steel preferably, andconsists of a flat disk-like top 126 at one side of which there isformed an opening 127 disposed eccentrically with relation to thedisk-like top and having its outer portion slightly inclined upward toform a bill 128. From this point around to the opposite side of the headthe same is provided with a declining flange 129 which graduallyincreases in depth from its ends toward its center. Immediately belowthe bill 128 the flange is provided witha slit or opening 130 whichforms a lower bill 131 which extends at a rightangle to the bill 128.The lower edge of the declining flange 129 at its widest portion isprovided with an abrupt shoulder 132 which is about opposite or in linewith the opening 127 heretofore mentioned.

In Figs. 12 to 16 I have illustrated the different steps of forming theknot which will be described in detail hereinafter.

The grain as it falls upon the endless carrier is delivered by thelatter to the roll 61, which as before stated, being roughened serves totransmit the grain therefrom and on to the platform 66. When asufficient quantity of grain has accumulated to cause the shaft 103 tobe oscillated by the pressure of the grain against the vertical arm itwill be seen that the oscillation of said shaft 103 will cause thestop-arm 109 to be withdrawn from the path of the bell-crank pawl 99.This removal of the stop-arm from the tail-end of the bell-crank pawlcauses the latter to engage with the ratchet-teeth 97 of thesprocket-wheel 95, such engagement being caused by the spiral spring 133employed for the purpose. In this manner the two wheels 95 and 96 arelocked together, and the sprocket-wheel 95 being rotated through themedium of the chain 74 heretofore mentioned, causes the mutilated gear96 to rotate untilthe pawl is again brought against the stop-arm. Duringthis single rotation of the gear 96 it will be seen that the same willoperate upon the mutilated pinions 112 and 107 successively. Previous tothe operation upon the gear 112, the gear 96 through the medium of apitman 134, which connects the same pivotally with the crank arm 83 ofthe needle-carrying shaft, rocks the needle shaft 82 causing the needleto swing down and embrace the bundle, carrying theeord thereunder, andat the same time, as before stated, the cam 86 of the shaft 82 causesthe packer-wheels, which have packed the grain, to elevate out of theway. The leading end of the cord, it will be understood, passes underthe knotter-head at the side of the shoulder 132, and is caught betweenthe finger 119 and the box 120, to facilitate which engagement theaforesaid finger 119 is boveled upon its under side so as to pass by thecord and below the same when the finger is depressed, and to engage under said cord when said finger is elevated. After the needle has madeits descent and thus carried the cord around the bundle, the mutilatedgear 960perates upon the pinion 112, giving the latter a rotation, andthus through the medium of its shaft 111 and its gear 113,imparts motionto the knotter shaft 123 and its pinion 124, thus causing theknotter-head to make one revolution during which the knot is formed. Thefirst portion of the revolution of the knobter-head brings the cord tothe position shown in Fig. 13 so that the ends are reversed, a furtherrevolution causes the free ends of the Y cord to be engaged by the slitabove the bill 131, as shown in Fig. 14. At this point the finger orgrasper 119 is operated or elevated so as to draw the cord against theknife or cutter 121, and proceeding upward clamps the cord back of itsout portion against the under side of the box 120. The twister it willbe understood, continues in its rotation,whieh brings the cord to theposition shown in Fig. 15 and where the knot is tied and is about to betightened and slipped 011 of the bills 128 and 131. In Fig. 16 I haveshown the knotas tightened and slipped off of the knotter, the removalof the knot being caused by the horizontal discharge arms 110, which isoperated positively by means of the pitman 105, which is moved throughthe rotation of the gear 107, which, as before stated, is operatedsubsequent to the gear 112 of the shaft 111. This movement of the shaft103 serves to discharge the bundle upon the bundle-carrier 136.

The bundle-carrier 136 is pivotally supported upon a shaft 137, theinner end of which is j ournaled in the framework of the ma.- chine, andthe outer end of which is journaled in a bearing 138 on one of thebraces 9. The end of the shaft is provided with a crankarm 139, which isconnected by a pitman 140 -with a crank-arm 141, formed on the outer endof a transverse operating shaft 142, which extends inward over thearched frame 5 and is provided with a foot-rest or treadle 143. Thistreadle is adjacent to a seat 144, which is supported upon the arch 5.

The shaft 69 at its front end is provided with a spur gear which engageswith a small pinion 146 journaled on a stub-shaft immediately below theshaft 69. The outer face of this pinion has secured thereto a disk 147which is provided with a wrist 148 to which a connecting-rod 149 isloosely pivoted. The lower end of this connecting rod is pivoted as at150 to the end of the reciprocating knife I or cutter 151, which islocated at the front of themachine below the reel and in advance tionfrom a beveled pinion 154 located on the front end of the shaft 62 thatcarries the roller 61, which pinion engages with a pinion 155 located onthe lower end of said shaft 153.

From the foregoing description in connection with the accompanyingdrawings, it will be seen that I have provided agrain-binding harvestercomplete, the same being of cheap, simple, and durable construction andeasy of operation; that I have provided a knotting mechanism that isextremely simple, and in which the knotter is continuously rotated anddevoid of any extraneous means for pushing the knot therefrom afterbeing formed; and, furthermore, that I avoid the necessity of employinga tucker for inserting-the twine in the throat of the knotter, but, tothe contrary, said knot automatically engages therewith during itscontinuous rotation. It will furthermore be seen that the extremesimplicity and comparatively few number of parts composing the inventionrender the structure exceedingly light for a binder, whereby I amenabled to operate the same successfully with two horses. Ifurthermore,avoid the employment of back gearing for diminishing the speed of themechanism that conveys motion to the knotter, and yet at the same timesecure the increased speed necessary for a successful operation of thecutters.

Having described my invention, what I claim is 1. The combination withthe extended axle of a grain-binding harvester and its groundwheel, ofdiagonal braces for the axle, and an intermediate collar, a dependingbearingarm formed upon one of the braces, a transverse shaft arranged inthe bearing-arm and in the end of the framework, a bundle-carriercarried by the shaft, a crank-arm at the outer end of the shaft, anoperating rocking shaft arranged above the crank-shaft and provided witha foot-treadle at one end, and a crank at the opposite end, and anintermediate connecting-rod between the two cranks, substantially asspecified.

2. The combination with the frame of a grain-binding harvester, of aninverted U- shaped frame at one end thereof, an axle projecting from theU-shaped frame, a groundwheel for the axle, a bearing-collar arranged atthe outer end of the axle, and diagonal braces, of a bundle-carrierpivoted below the axle and supported by the braces, and means fordumping the carrier, substantially as specified.

shaft, of a needle-carrying shaft arranged below the transverse shaft, aneedle carrled thereby, a cam on the needle carrying shaft, a linkembracing the cam and pivoted to the packing-wheel carrying shaft, andmeans for operating said needle-carrying shaft, substantially asspecified. 4. In a grain-binding harvester, the combination with theplatform, the cutting-mechanism arranged in front thereof, thetransverse shaft 69 having the loose gear and sprocketwheels 71 and 72,and the tight gear 70, the spur-gear 145 at one end of the same,the axle6, the gear 14 thereon between the gears 70 and 71 the disk 147 and gear146 below the spur-gear and engaging with the latter, a pitman-rod 149between the knives of the cutter and disk, of the arm 75 loosely hung onthe shaft 69, the transverse shaft 76 arranged in the free end of thearm, the packing-wheels '77 arranged on the ends of the shaft 76, the

sprocket-wheel 78 arranged upon the packing-wheels, the sprocket-chain79 connecting the wheels 78 and 72,the'carrier-mechanism,

and the needle, and knotter-mechanism, and 4 means for conveying motionthereto from the shaft 69, substantially as specified.

5. In a grain-binding harvester, the combination with the verticalknotter-shaft carrying the knotter 125, the same consisting of aconcaved disk-like head 126 provided at one side with a tangential-slot127 and from the same to a point substantially opposite provided with adeclining flange 129 having the abruptshoulder 132 about midway thesame, and at one side of the slot 127 having the V- shaped slot 130, theslots 127 and 130 forming the two bills 128 and 131, the same beingarranged at an angle to each other, and the bill 128 being slightlyelevated, and means for rotating said shaft in one direction,substantially as specified.

6. In a grain-binding harvester, the combination with the pivotedneedle, the box arranged below the same and having the depending knife,the transverse shaft 116 journaled in the box in rear of the knife andprovided with the fingers 117 and 119, the latter being in rear of theknife and adapted to operate thereagainst, the spring 118 for depressingthe finger 117, the transverse shaft 111, the cam 114 carried thereby,and means for operating the shaft 111, of the knotter-shaft 123 arrangedat the inner end of the shaft 111, the gear 124 on the knotter-shaft,the gear 113 on the end of the shaft 111 for engaging the gear 124, andthe herein described knotter carried by the shaft 123, substantially asspecified.

7. In a grain-binding harvester, the combination with the stub-shaft 94,the sprocketwheel 95, the gear-wheel 96, each being recessed andarranged face to face, the sprocketwheel having its inner peripheryprovided with ratchet-teeth, a pin on the inner side of the gear-wheel,a bell-crank lever arranged therein, a spring for elevating the innerbranch thereof into engagement with the teeth of the sprocket-wheel,said lever having one end extended laterally through a slot in the wheel96, the transverse rocking-lever 103 having the arms 110, and stop-arm109 arranged in the path of the bell-crank lever, the verticalknotter-shaft having the beveled gear thereon and carrying a knotter,the transverse shaft 111 having the gear 113 meshing therewith, and theouter mutilated gear 112 engaging with the gear 96, the transverse shaft108 having the mutilated gear 107 arranged thereon in rear of the gear112, the crank-arm 104 on the end of the shaft 103,.and the intermediateconnecting-arm 105 between the crank-arm and the gear 107, substantiallyas specified.

8. In a grain-bindin g harvester, the knotter 125, consisting of aconcaved disk-like head 126 provided at one side with a tangential :0slot 1.27 and from the same to a point substantially opposite providedwith a declining flange 129 having the abrupt shoulder 132 about midwaythe same, and at one side of the slot 127 having the V-shaped slot 130,the 15 slots 127 and 130 forming thetwo bills 128 and 131, the samebeing arranged at an angle to each other, substantially as specified.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my ownIhave hereto affixedmysignature in 30 the presence of two witnesses.

E. FORD \VELLS.

Witnesses:

J. H. SIGGERS, E. G. SIGGERS.

